3rd TAGRA

The microbiome–gut–brain axis is transforming neurodegenerative research by identifying gut microorganisms as regulators of brain function and immunity. Microbial dysbiosis may increase systemic and neuroinflammation, disrupt the blood–brain barrier, alter microglial activity, and promote pathological protein aggregation. Microbiota-derived metabolites influence immune signaling, neuronal survival, synaptic function, and neurovascular integrity. The novelty of this perspective lies in integrating microbiology, immunology, metabolism, and neuroscience into a unified model of neurodegeneration. This framework may support microbiome-based biomarkers and personalized interventions, including dietary modulation, probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. However, causal mechanisms and clinical reproducibility remain uncertain. Future research should combine longitudinal cohorts, multi-omics analyses, mechanistic studies, and well-designed clinical trials to translate microbiome–immune–brain interactions into effective therapies.