3rd TAGRA

The energy generation performance of photovoltaic (PV) systems is significantly influenced by environmental operating conditions, in addition to the technical characteristics of the system components. Environmental factors such as solar irradiance, ambient and cell temperature, relative humidity, wind, dust and atmospheric aerosols, cloud cover, and precipitation can affect the electrical performance of PV systems to varying degrees. In this study, the primary environmental factors affecting PV system performance were examined based on the literature, and their impacts on PV power generation and efficiency were evaluated. The literature indicates that solar irradiance is a fundamental determinant of PV power generation, whereas an increase in cell temperature has a detrimental effect, particularly on electrical efficiency. Dust and atmospheric aerosol accumulation on panel surfaces can cause electrical performance losses; additionally, relative humidity has been found to influence PV performance through its effects on atmospheric conditions and surface dust accumulation. Although wind can positively contribute to performance by lowering panel temperatures, it also plays a role in particle transport and surface soiling. Precipitation stands out as a significant natural cleaning mechanism, particularly for removing dust accumulated on panel surfaces. Overall, the literature demonstrates that PV system performance can vary significantly depending on environmental conditions and that considering various environmental factors collectively is crucial for understanding performance under actual operating conditions. This study aims to provide a literature-based assessment of the importance of environmental conditions during the design, performance evaluation, and operation of PV systems.