3rd TAGRA

Based on the perovskite material, lead-based perovskite solar cells exhibit outstanding photovoltaic properties, but their toxicity poses environmental and health issues that hinder sustainable commercialization. In this study, a lead-free cesium titanium chloride based perovskite solar cell is proposed and optimized with numerical simulation and hybrid optimization. The structure of the device is made of FTO/CdS/Cs₂TiCl₆/CdTe/Au. The baseline device's average open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor and power conversion efficiency were 1.014 V, 20.32 mA/cm², 88.06%, and 18.14% respectively. The influence of absorber thickness, doping density of the absorber, defect density of the absorber, and transport layer thickness on the performance of the device were investigated using parametric analysis. Multiple photovoltaic responses were considered using Grey Relational Analysis, simulation runs were reduced using the Taguchi method and L9 orthogonal array. The optimized Taguchi–Grey Relational Analysis result was an efficient of 23.45%, which was better than the baseline. An optimized efficiency of 24.25% was obtained after further optimization using the Genetic Algorithm. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the proposed hybrid optimization method can be used to optimize the simulated performance of lead-free perovskite solar cells prior to real fabrication.