3rd TAGRA

Urban rail systems stand out as strategic infrastructures for urban mobility, since, depending on their implementation, they promote accessibility, improve quality of life and reduce environmental impacts, with emphasis on mitigating vehicular traffic and atmospheric pollution resulting from the use of fossil fuels. faced with the need to decarbonize the transportation sector, the electrification of modes, combined with the incorporation of renewable sources of energy, emerges as an alternative to reduce emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases. This article aims to analyze strategies for integrating renewable sources into subway systems in developed and developing countries, evaluating, from a comparative perspective, the business models adopted, the location of energy generation and the resilience of the systems in the face of operational disturbances. The research is characterized as qualitative, exploratory-descriptive in nature, based on an analysis of scientific literature. The multiple case study method was adopted with a comparative approach between three experiences: two international case studies (REDWAN, 2024 and Viswambharan et al., 2018) and one national case study (São Paulo Metro, 2025). The data were systematized using an analytical matrix composed of pre-defined criteria, covering the type of energy source, generation location, business model, resilience and main advantages and disadvantages identified in each context. The findings reveal different degrees of technological and institutional maturity between cases, demonstrating that the energy transition in metro transport transcends the technological dimension and requires a structural debate on energy sovereignty, operational resilience and socio-environmental equity, aspects that, in the Brazilian context, remain underexplored and lack greater regulatory transparency.