TURK 2025

Immunohistochemical research methods have become fundamental in routine clinical diagnostics and biomedical studies. In particular, immunohistochemistry is widely used for the precise identification of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, and macrophages, as well as for assessing their morphofunctional state in immune organs and tissues under normal conditions and in the pathogenesis of various immunosuppressive disorders in both humans and animals. Markers such as CD3, CD79acy, and MAC387 are commonly used for this purpose. The aim of this study was to identify CD3-, CD79acy-, and MAC387-positive cells in the spleen of dogs, analyze their distribution, and evaluate their relative quantitative proportions. Spleen tissue samples from clinically healthy dogs were fixed in 10% neutral formalin and processed using standard histological techniques to prepare paraffin blocks. Tissue sections 3–5 µm thick were obtained and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for general analysis. For immunohistochemical staining, specialized microscope slides and antigen retrieval procedures were used. T-lymphocytes were identified using CD3, B-lymphocytes with CD79acy, and macrophages with MAC387. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides provide a general overview of the microstructure of the spleen, including the distribution of T- and B-lymphocytes, macrophages, and other cellular components. However, precise identification and quantitative analysis of individual T- and B-lymphocytes, as well as macrophages, can only be achieved using the aforementioned immunohistochemical markers. Studies of this kind are fundamental and serve as a benchmark for investigating splenic pathology of various etiologies, particularly in cases of immunosuppressive diseases.