TAGRA 2024

One of the major problems brought on by excessive carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere is global warming. Many governmental and non-governmental organizations support the transition from fossil fuels to clean energy sources in order to lower CO2 emissions and shield the planet from the catastrophic consequences of global warming. Additionally, research is being conducted globally to identify a powerful and environmentally benign process that directly transforms CO2 released by industries and automobiles into useful products. Therefore, some microorganism including bacteria and algae are being utilized to reduce the rising CO2 levels by enzyme catalysis. One of the well known biocatalysts, carbonic anhydrase (CA) contributes to the sequestration of CO2. The enzyme is present in bacteria, human beings and also in algae. This is one of the metallozyme containing zinc in its active centre. CA transforms the CO2 into bicarbonates, which, when calcium ions are present, can be further transformed into CaCO3. There are various benefits of using CA to transform CO2 from flue gas into environmentally safe, thermodynamically stable calcium carbonate. Various nonmaterial and solvents have also been used to absorb the CO2 and convert the same into various useful products. Thus the amalgamation of nonmaterial and enzyme to prepare a nanobiocatlyst would prove to be more effective method to sequester and convert the CO2 into commercial products. In addition, algae using Calvin Benson cycle fix almost double its weight of CO2. It contains ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the entry of CO2. Algae are able to grow in varied type of climate and are rich in metabolites which further enhance its use as potential candidate for CO2 sequestration.