TAGRA 2025

Industrial and mining industries cause heavy metal and chemical pollution in many regions around the world. Synthetic dyes are an example of chemical pollutants and pose a threat to the environment due to the aromatic rings, azo bonds or metal complexes they contain. Kyrgyzstan is a country in Central Asia consisting largely of mountainous areas. Since the Soviet era, it has become a significant center for minerals such as gold, uranium and mercury. The chemical processing agents used in these mines contain synthetic reagents, metal complex dyes and heavy metals. The country's economy currently relies heavily on mining. Inadequate treatment means that the textile and leather industries can release azo and reactive dyes directly into the environment. Regional water systems, which are mountainous and composed of closed basins, cannot sufficiently dilute these pollutants, thereby increasing the environmental risk. These pollutants degrade very slowly in the natural environment, forming toxic by-products. New, sustainable, environmentally friendly biological and nanotechnological methods can eliminate these pollutants that accumulate in nature. Biological methods such as biosorption, bioaccumulation, microbial reduction and bioremediation can eliminate accumulated chemical pollution via environmentally friendly processes. These methods work by actively absorbing pollutants into cells, converting toxic substances into harmless ones or accumulating them within organisms. Additionally, nanomaterials can bind metal ions due to their large surface area, reduce heavy metals using light energy, or convert them into less toxic forms. Nanotechnological methods, such as nanoadsorbents, nanocomposite filters, nanophotonics and photocatalytic applications, can clean aqueous environments. Biological and nanotechnological applications are expected to contribute to environmental sustainability