TAGRA 2025

Background: Indonesia's Free Nutritious Meals Program (MBG), launched in January 2025, has served more than 40 million recipients through more than 15,000 kitchens throughout Indonesia. As of October 2025, there have been 11,660 cases of food poisoning from 211 incidents in 25 provinces (88 districts/cities), accounting for 48% of all incidents. The massive increase in cases indicates the need for an integrated framework for detection, reporting, and innovative technology-assisted surveillance. Objective: This study proposes an integrated artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) framework that operationalizes the One Health principle for the prevention of foodborne diseases in the Free Nutritious Meals program. Methods: The designed system is expected to have five main components: machine learning algorithms that can predict which kitchens are at high risk; a data platform that integrates information from various ministries for reporting surveillance results and complaints; a food ingredient tracking system using blockchain and IoT sensors; social media monitoring to detect early signs of outbreaks; and pathogen DNA analysis to quickly trace the source of contamination. Results: Compared with conventional methods, the integration and implementation of AI-machine learning is expected to reduce outbreak detection time from weeks to hours, improve the accuracy of food source attribution, and enable proactive food safety management that integrates human health, animal (animal food sources), and the environment (pathogen sources), as well as integrate the One Health concept into the MBG program policy framework in Indonesia. The government needs to mandate AI-assisted certification and blockchain regulations for risky materials, install IoT sensors in 15,000 kitchens, and train 290,000 food officers to minimize food poisoning as a result of this program. Conclusion: The government and all relevant sectors need to develop an integrated surveillance system from the food source to the completion of the program, which should be carried out daily.