TAGRA 2025

The study focuses on developing a low-cost and reliable methane gas sensor using a TiO₂–graphene composite material connected to an Adafruit platform for easy monitoring and data collection. Methane is a flammable gas commonly found in homes, industries, and the environment, so early detection is important to prevent accidents. TiO₂ is widely used in gas sensors because it is stable and inexpensive, but it has low electrical conductivity when used alone. To improve its sensing ability, graphene is added because it provides high conductivity, a large surface area, and strong chemical stability. When TiO₂ and graphene are combined, the composite creates more active sites for methane molecules and allows faster electron movement, which increases the sensor’s sensitivity. The sensor works by measuring changes in electrical resistance when methane is present. These changes are sent to the IOT, such as an Adafruit IO, which processes the signal and displays the gas levels in real time. The Adafruit IO system is chosen because it is easy to use, supports many sensors, and can connect to displays or wireless modules for data logging and alerts. During testing, the TiO₂–graphene sensor showed sensing response, response time, and stable performance at room temperature or slightly elevated temperatures, making it more energy-efficient than many traditional sensors. The real-time readings provided by the Adafruit IO interface help users understand gas concentration levels quickly and clearly. Overall, the combination of the TiO₂–graphene sensing material with the Adafruit platform offers a simple, affordable, and effective solution for methane detection, demonstrating how nanomaterials and accessible electronics can work together to improve safety in practical applications.