TURK 2025

Following Kyrgyzstan's declaration of independence on 31 August 1991, Turkey became the first country to recognize its sovereignty on 16 December 1991. This significant diplomatic step was soon followed by the adoption of initial legal regulations to formalize bilateral relations, laying the groundwork for diplomatic, economic, and cultural cooperation. This study examines the earliest legal frameworks that shaped the political, military, economic, and social relations between Turkey and Kyrgyzstan. Among these, the Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic, signed in Ankara on 23 December 1991, established the legal foundation for bilateral relations. In the early months of 1992, diplomatic relations progressed rapidly, leading to a series of agreements aimed at supporting Kyrgyzstan's development. Key agreements signed in 1992 included: Agreement on Economic and Commercial Cooperation, Agreement on Cooperation in Education, Culture, and Scientific Fields and Agreement on the Mutual Promotion and Protection of Investments Additionally, a mutual visa exemption for citizens of both countries was introduced through an agreement signed on 3 March 1992. In the field of education, the establishment process of the Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University began in 1995 in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan's capital. Regarding military and security cooperation, the Defense Industry Cooperation Agreement signed in 1993 facilitated military training and joint exercises. Furthermore, agreements were made in areas such as tourism, transportation, and communications. These steps collectively formed the basis for strategic cooperation between the two countries and shaped the key dynamics of Turkey-Kyrgyzstan relations