TURK 2025

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most rapidly spreading chronic diseases globally and has become a major public health issue in Central Asia, including the Kyrgyz Republic. The aim of this literature review is to examine the prevalence, major risk factors, and public health impact of diabetes mellitus among the Kyrgyz population. The analysis is based on scientific publications and national health reports relevant to the topic, published between 2000 and 2023.
The review found that the prevalence of diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes, is increasing annually among the Kyrgyz population. The disease is especially common in major cities such as Bishkek and Osh. In urban populations, the main contributing factors identified are unhealthy diet, low physical activity, and obesity. In rural areas, the prevalence is somewhat lower; however, due to limited access to diagnostic services, many cases may remain undetected.
In addition, genetic predisposition appears to play a significant role in the development of diabetes. Some studies suggest that polymorphisms in genes such as TCF7L2, PPARG, and FTO are associated with insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in the Kyrgyz population. Nevertheless, large-scale genetic studies specifically focused on the Kyrgyz population are still lacking.
Biochemical analyses across the reviewed literature indicate elevated fasting glucose levels, HbA1c values exceeding the diabetic threshold, and lipid imbalances (notably high triglycerides and LDL cholesterol) among patients. These findings highlight the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases commonly associated with diabetes.
In conclusion, diabetes remains a serious issue in the Kyrgyz Republic. Accessible and continuous diabetes screening for the broader population, especially in remote areas, is urgently needed. This literature review can serve as an informational basis for developing prevention and treatment strategies for diabetes among the Kyrgyz population.