TURK 2025

The use of pesticides in agriculture is a key method for increasing agricultural productivity, as they protect crops from pests, diseases, and weeds, thereby improving yields. However, their widespread and uncontrolled application leads to serious environmental problems, as chemical compounds pollute soil, water, and air. Pesticides, especially organochlorine types, are persistent and remain in the environment for long periods. They accumulate in the tissues of plants and animals through water and eventually pose significant risks to humans at the end of the food chain. This report provides a comprehensive literature review on pesticides, including their history, classification, areas of application, effectiveness in agriculture, and their impact on the environment and human health. It also discusses global and national (Kyrgyzstan) regulations on pesticide use, the types that are outdated or banned, their storage conditions, and research findings confirming their harmful effects on ecosystems. The carcinogenic, cytotoxic, and neurotoxic properties of pesticides have been analyzed, along with their potential to cause oncological diseases, neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, and their negative influence on reproductive health through endocrine disruption. Improper use of pesticides can lead to a wide range of health issues, from acute poisoning to chronic diseases, including various types of malignant tumors, infertility, leukemia, asthma, immune disorders, and diabetes. The long-term accumulation of undetected pesticide effects can lead to serious health consequences. This report has demonstrated the links between different diseases and pesticide exposure. Additionally, ongoing research indicates associations with brain cancer, cancers of the excretory system, liver and colon cancer, allergic diseases, reproductive disorders, congenital anomalies, fetal death, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This analysis highlights the importance of further research on pesticides and organochlorine compounds and the need for environmental monitoring of obsolete pesticide residues.